Mild Behavioral Impairment (MBI), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and development of dementia: diagnostic and clinical implications
Abstract
Both mild behavioral impairment (MBI) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have been identified as predementia states. These entities constitute risk factors for developing dementias and in many cases, an early manifestation of them. In this context, the neuropsychiatric symptoms that characterize MBI could not only be concurrently present with MCI, but also before its appearance or even without it occurring. This selective appearance of MBI continues to represent a great challenge in terms of understanding its etiology and the neurobiological substrate that it could share with MCI. In this article we review the central features of the MBI, the diagnostic criteria associated to it, and its possible biomarkers, to discuss some aspects related to its assessment and clinical diagnosisKeywords:
dementia, Mild Behavioral Impairment (MBI), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS)References
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2. Lyketsos, C.G. “Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia: Overview and Measurement Challenges”. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2015 Sep.; 2(3): 155-156.
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8. Lyketsos, C. G., Lopez, O., Jones, B., Fitzpatrick, A. L., Breitner, J., & DeKosky, S.“Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: results from the cardiovascular health study”. JAMA. 2002 Sep.;288(12): 1475–1483.
9. Gallagher, D., Fischer, C. E., & Iaboni, A.“Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Mild Cognitive Impairment”. Can J Psychiatry.2017 Mar.; 62(3): 161–169.
10. Ismail, Z., Agüera-Ortiz, L., Brodaty, H., Cieslak, A., Cummings, J., Fischer, C. E., Gauthier, S., Geda, Y. E., Herrmann, N., Kanji, J., Lanctôt, K. L., Miller, D. S., Mortby, M. E., Onyike, C. U., Rosenberg, P. B., Smith, E. E., Smith, G. S., Sultzer, D. L., Lyketsos, C., & NPS Professional Interest Area of the International Society of to Advance Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment (NPS-PIA of ISTAART). “The Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist (MBI-C): A Rating Scale for Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Pre-Dementia Populations”. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;56(3): 929–938.
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12. Behrens, M.I., Nervi, A., editores. Guías clínicas de diagnóstico y tratamiento de las demencias. Santiago: 2da. Ed. Sonepsyn., 2017.
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14. Eramudugolla, R., Mortby, M. E., Sachdev, P.,Meslin, C., Kumar, R., & Anstey, K. J. “Evaluation of a research diagnostic algorithm
for DSM-5 neurocognitive disorders in a population-based cohort of older adults”. Alzheimer’s research & therapy. 2017 Mar.; 9(1): 15.
15. Geda, Y. E., Roberts, R. O., Knopman, D. S., Petersen, R. C., Christianson, T. J., Pankratz, V. S., Smith, G. E., Boeve, B. F., Ivnik, R. J., Tangalos, E. G., & Rocca, W. A.“Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment and normal cognitive aging: population-based study”. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008 Oct.; 65(10): 1193–1198.
16. Taragano, F. E., Allegri, R. F., Krupitzki, H., Sarasola, D. R., Serrano, C. M., Loñ, L., & Lyketsos, C. G. “Mild behavioral impairment and risk of dementia: a prospective cohort study of 358 patients”. J Clin Psychiatry.2009 Apr.; 70(4): 584–592.
17. Julio, C., Síntomas neuropsiquiátricos en demencia. En:Behrens, M.I., Nervi, A., (Ed.) Guías clínicas de diagnóstico y tratamiento de las demencias. Santiago: 2da. Ed. Sonepsyn., 2017. pp. 181-188.
18. Andrews, S. J., Ismail, Z., Anstey, K. J., & Mortby, M.“Association of Alzheimer’s genetic loci with mild behavioral impairment”. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet.2018 Dec.; 177(8):727-735.
19. Wang, X., Ren, P., Mapstone, M., Conwell, Y., Porsteinsson, A. P., Foxe, J. J., Raizada, R., Lin, F., & and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. “Identify a shared neural circuit linking multiple neuropsychiatric symptoms with Alzheimer’s pathology”. Brain Imaging Behav. 2019 Feb.; 13(1): 53-64.
20. Lussier, F. Z., Pascoal, T. A., Chamoun, M., Therriault, J., Tissot, C., Savard, M., Kang, M. S., Mathotaarachchi, S., Benedet, A. L., Parsons, M., Qureshi, M., Thomas, É. M., Shin, M., Dion, L. A., Massarweh, G., Soucy, J. P., Tsai, I. H., Vitali, P., Ismail, Z., Rosa-Neto, P., Gauthier, S. “Mild behavioral impairment is associated with β-amyloid but not tau or neurodegeneration in cognitively intact elderly individuals”.Alzheimer’s Dement. 2020 Jan.; 16(1): 192– 199.
21. Martin, E., & Velayudhan, L. “Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Literature Review”. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2020 Apr.; 49(2): 146-155.
22. World Health Organization. “Risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia”. WHO guidelines. 2019
2. Lyketsos, C.G. “Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia: Overview and Measurement Challenges”. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2015 Sep.; 2(3): 155-156.
3. Creese, B., Griffiths, A., Brooker, H., Corbett, A., Aarsland, D., Ballard, C., & Ismail, Z. “Profile of mild behavioral impairment and factor structure of the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist in cognitively normal older adults”. Int Psychogeriatr. 2020 Jun.; 32(6): 705-717.
4. Lyketsos, C. G., Carrillo, M. C., Ryan, J. M., Khachaturian, A. S., Trzepacz, P., Amatniek, J., Cedarbaum, J., Brashear, R., & Miller, D. S. “Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease.”Alzheimers Dement. 2011 Sep.; 7(5): 532–539.
5. Ismail, Z., Smith, E. E., Geda, Y., Sultzer, D., Brodaty, H., Smith, G., Agüera-Ortiz, L., Sweet, R., Miller, D., Lyketsos, C. G., & ISTAART Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Professional Interest Area. “Neuropsychiatric symptoms as early manifestations of emergent dementia: Provisional diagnostic criteria for mild behavioral impairment”. Alzheimers Dement. 2016 Feb.;12(2): 195–202.
6. Lanctôt, K. L., Amatniek, J., Ancoli-Israel, S., Arnold, S. E., Ballard, C., Cohen-Mansfield, J., Ismail, Z., Lyketsos, C., Miller, D. S., Musiek, E., Osorio, R. S., Rosenberg, P. B., Satlin, A., Steffens, D., Tariot, P., Bain, L. J., Carrillo, M. C., Hendrix, J. A., Jurgens, H., & Boot, B. “Neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease: New treatment paradigms”. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2017 Aug.; 3(3):440-449.
7. Dillon, C., Serrano, C. M., Castro, D., Leguizamón, P. P., Heisecke, S. L., & Taragano, F. E.“Behavioral symptoms related to cognitive impairment”. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2013 Sep.;9:1443–1455.
8. Lyketsos, C. G., Lopez, O., Jones, B., Fitzpatrick, A. L., Breitner, J., & DeKosky, S.“Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: results from the cardiovascular health study”. JAMA. 2002 Sep.;288(12): 1475–1483.
9. Gallagher, D., Fischer, C. E., & Iaboni, A.“Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Mild Cognitive Impairment”. Can J Psychiatry.2017 Mar.; 62(3): 161–169.
10. Ismail, Z., Agüera-Ortiz, L., Brodaty, H., Cieslak, A., Cummings, J., Fischer, C. E., Gauthier, S., Geda, Y. E., Herrmann, N., Kanji, J., Lanctôt, K. L., Miller, D. S., Mortby, M. E., Onyike, C. U., Rosenberg, P. B., Smith, E. E., Smith, G. S., Sultzer, D. L., Lyketsos, C., & NPS Professional Interest Area of the International Society of to Advance Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment (NPS-PIA of ISTAART). “The Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist (MBI-C): A Rating Scale for Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Pre-Dementia Populations”. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;56(3): 929–938.
11. Elefante, C., Lattanzi, L., Ismail, Z., Medda, P., Bacciardi, S., Mainardi, C., & Perugi, G. “Mild Behavioral Impairment: presentation of the diagnostic criteria and the Italian version of the MBI-Checklist”. Riv Psichiatr. 2019 Mar.-Apr.; 54(2): 59-66.
12. Behrens, M.I., Nervi, A., editores. Guías clínicas de diagnóstico y tratamiento de las demencias. Santiago: 2da. Ed. Sonepsyn., 2017.
13. Petersen, R. C., Smith, G. E., Waring, S. C., Ivnik, R. J., Kokmen, E., & Tangelos, E.G.“Aging, memory, and mild cognitive impairment”. Int Psychogeriatr. 1997; 9 Suppl 1:65–69.
14. Eramudugolla, R., Mortby, M. E., Sachdev, P.,Meslin, C., Kumar, R., & Anstey, K. J. “Evaluation of a research diagnostic algorithm
for DSM-5 neurocognitive disorders in a population-based cohort of older adults”. Alzheimer’s research & therapy. 2017 Mar.; 9(1): 15.
15. Geda, Y. E., Roberts, R. O., Knopman, D. S., Petersen, R. C., Christianson, T. J., Pankratz, V. S., Smith, G. E., Boeve, B. F., Ivnik, R. J., Tangalos, E. G., & Rocca, W. A.“Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment and normal cognitive aging: population-based study”. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008 Oct.; 65(10): 1193–1198.
16. Taragano, F. E., Allegri, R. F., Krupitzki, H., Sarasola, D. R., Serrano, C. M., Loñ, L., & Lyketsos, C. G. “Mild behavioral impairment and risk of dementia: a prospective cohort study of 358 patients”. J Clin Psychiatry.2009 Apr.; 70(4): 584–592.
17. Julio, C., Síntomas neuropsiquiátricos en demencia. En:Behrens, M.I., Nervi, A., (Ed.) Guías clínicas de diagnóstico y tratamiento de las demencias. Santiago: 2da. Ed. Sonepsyn., 2017. pp. 181-188.
18. Andrews, S. J., Ismail, Z., Anstey, K. J., & Mortby, M.“Association of Alzheimer’s genetic loci with mild behavioral impairment”. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet.2018 Dec.; 177(8):727-735.
19. Wang, X., Ren, P., Mapstone, M., Conwell, Y., Porsteinsson, A. P., Foxe, J. J., Raizada, R., Lin, F., & and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. “Identify a shared neural circuit linking multiple neuropsychiatric symptoms with Alzheimer’s pathology”. Brain Imaging Behav. 2019 Feb.; 13(1): 53-64.
20. Lussier, F. Z., Pascoal, T. A., Chamoun, M., Therriault, J., Tissot, C., Savard, M., Kang, M. S., Mathotaarachchi, S., Benedet, A. L., Parsons, M., Qureshi, M., Thomas, É. M., Shin, M., Dion, L. A., Massarweh, G., Soucy, J. P., Tsai, I. H., Vitali, P., Ismail, Z., Rosa-Neto, P., Gauthier, S. “Mild behavioral impairment is associated with β-amyloid but not tau or neurodegeneration in cognitively intact elderly individuals”.Alzheimer’s Dement. 2020 Jan.; 16(1): 192– 199.
21. Martin, E., & Velayudhan, L. “Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Literature Review”. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2020 Apr.; 49(2): 146-155.
22. World Health Organization. “Risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia”. WHO guidelines. 2019
